Adhyāya 18 — Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yogaḥ
The Yoga of Liberation by Renunciation · 78 verses
Overview
from Q&A with KnAThe longest chapter gathers the whole Song into a final synthesis. Arjuna asks the difference between sannyāsa (renunciation) and tyāga (relinquishment); K answers that true renunciation is not the abandonment of action but of the desire for its fruit — and that obligatory action should never be given up, only performed without attachment. He runs the three guṇas one last time through renunciation, knowledge, action, agent, intellect, firmness and happiness — a complete psychology of the moral life. He restates svadharma: better one’s own duty imperfectly done than another’s done well, and shows how duty done as worship of Him, from whom all beings spring, becomes a path to perfection. Then, gathering all the yogas, he describes the ascent to Brahman and the supreme devotion that flowers from it — by which one knows Him, enters Him, and by His grace reaches the eternal abode. He lays the whole teaching bare and grants Arjuna full freedom to choose — “reflect, and do as you wish” — before, out of love, speaking his two final promises: fix your mind on Me, and abandon all dharmas, take refuge in Me alone; I shall free you from all sins. He names who is fit to receive this teaching, asks Arjuna whether his delusion is gone, and hears the answer that ends all questioning: “My delusion is destroyed; I have regained memory; I shall do Your word.” Sañjaya closes with a benediction: wherever are Kṛṣṇa the Lord of Yoga and Arjuna the archer, there are fortune, victory, welfare and abiding righteousness.