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Adhyāyas / Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yogaḥ / verse 22

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
यत्तु कृत्स्नवदेकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहैतुकम्। अतत्त्वार्थवदल्पं च तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्
yat tu kṛitsna-vad ekasmin kārye saktam ahaitukam atattvārtha-vad alpaṁ cha tat tāmasam udāhṛitam
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

But that (knowledge) is said to be born of tamas which is confined to one form as if it were all, which is irrational, unconcerned with truth, and trivial.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

और जिस ज्ञान के द्वारा मनुष्य एक कार्य (शरीर) में ही आसक्त हो जाता है, मानो वह (कार्य ही) पूर्ण वस्तु हो तथा जो (ज्ञान) हेतुरहित (अयुक्तिक), तत्त्वार्थ से रहित तथा संकुचित (अल्प) है, वह (ज्ञान) तामस है।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
यत् तु कृत् स्नव देकस् मिन्
कार्ये सक्तम हैतुकम्
अतत् त्वार्थ वदल् पञ्च
तत् तामस मुदा हृतम्
॥ २२ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
yatwhich
tubut
kṛitsna-vatas if it encompasses the whole
ekasminin single
kāryeaction
saktamengrossed
ahaitukamwithout a reason
atattva-artha-vatnot based on truth
alpamfragmental
chaand
tatthat
tāmasamin the mode of ignorance
udāhṛitamis said to be

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
18.20–18.22Threefold knowledge: oneness, distinction, irrationality.

“That knowledge by which one sees the one imperishable Being in all beings, undivided in the divided, is sattvic (18.20). That which sees only the manifold, distinct existences in the various beings, is rajasic (18.21). And that which clings, irrationally and without grasp of truth, to a single effect as though it were the whole, is tamasic (18.22).” As you rightly note: oneness-in-diversity is the sattvic knowing (the vision of 13.16, 13.27); distinction-only — seeing the many and missing the One — is rajasic; and not using the intellect at all, latching onto one narrow thing as if it were everything, is tamasic. This is the Gītā’s epistemology in miniature: the quality of one’s seeing is itself graded by the guṇas, and only the sattvic sight sees the unity that liberates.