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Adhyāyas / Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yogaḥ / verse 29

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
बुद्धेर्भेदं धृतेश्चैव गुणतस्त्रिविधं श्रृणु। प्रोच्यमानमशेषेण पृथक्त्वेन धनञ्जय
buddher bhedaṁ dhṛiteśh chaiva guṇatas tri-vidhaṁ śhṛiṇu prochyamānam aśheṣheṇa pṛithaktvena dhanañjaya
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

O Dhananjaya, listen to the classification of the intellect and fortitude, which is threefold according to the gunas, while it is being stated in detail and separately.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

हे धनंजय ! मेरे द्वारा अशेषत: और पृथकत: कहे जाने वाले, गुणों के कारण उत्पन्न हुए बुद्धि और धृति के त्रिविध भेद को सुनो।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
बुद् धेर् भेदन् धृतेश् चैव
गुणतस् त्रिविधं शृणु
प्रोच् यमान‌म शेषेण
पृथक् त्वेन धनञ् जय
॥ २९ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
buddheḥof intellect
bhedamthe distinctions
dhṛiteḥof determination
chaand
evacertainly
guṇataḥ tri-vidhamaccording to the three modes of material nature
śhṛiṇuhear
prochyamānamdescribed
aśheṣheṇain detail
pṛithaktvenadistinctly
dhanañjayaconqueror of wealth, Arjun

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
18.29–18.40Intellect, firmness and happiness, each threefold.

K completes the great analysis by running buddhi (intellect/judgment), dhṛti (firmness/resolve) and sukha (happiness) through the three strands. Intellect (18.30–32): sattvic buddhi knows rightly what to do and not do, what to fear and not fear, bondage and liberation; rajasic buddhi confuses right and wrong, dharma and adharma; tamasic buddhi, wrapped in darkness, takes adharma to be dharma and sees everything upside-down. Firmness (18.33–35): sattvic dhṛti is the unwavering steadiness that holds mind, breath and senses in Yoga; rajasic dhṛti clings, with attachment, to duty, pleasure and wealth, craving their fruit; tamasic dhṛti is the stubbornness that will not let go of sleep, fear, grief, despair and conceit. Happiness (18.36–39): sattvic sukha is “like poison at first and nectar in the end”, born of the serenity of Self-knowledge — hard at the outset, blissful at maturity; rajasic sukha is “nectar at first, poison in the end”, born of the contact of sense and object; tamasic sukha, deluding from beginning to end, springs from sleep, sloth and heedlessness. This last triad is a jewel of practical wisdom: the worthwhile joys cost effort up front and reward later (the discipline of 6.16); the cheap joys reward instantly and cost dearly after; the worthless ones are pleasant only to a dulled mind. By this test alone one can sort one’s own pleasures.