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Adhyāyas / Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yogaḥ / verse 36

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
सुखं त्विदानीं त्रिविधं श्रृणु मे भरतर्षभ। अभ्यासाद्रमते यत्र दुःखान्तं च निगच्छति
sukhaṁ tv idānīṁ tri-vidhaṁ śhṛiṇu me bharatarṣhabha abhyāsād ramate yatra duḥkhāntaṁ cha nigachchhati yat tad agre viṣham iva pariṇāme ‘mṛitopamam tat sukhaṁ sāttvikaṁ proktam ātma-buddhi-prasāda-jam
Anuṣṭubh(!!) irregular in source

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

Now hear from Me, O scion of the Bharata dynasty, as regards the three kinds of joy: That in which one delights due to habit, and certainly attains the cessation of sorrows; [S. and S.S. take the second line of this verse along with the next verse referring to sattvika happiness.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

हे भरतश्रेष्ठ ! अब तुम त्रिविध सुख को मुझसे सुनो, जिसमें (साधक पुरुष) अभ्यास से रमता है और दु:खों के अन्त को प्राप्त होता है (जहाँ उसके दु:खों का अन्त हो जाता है।)।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
सुखन् त्विदानीन् त्रिविधम् (!!)
शृणु मे भरतर् षभ
अभ्या साद्र मते यत्र
दुःखान् तञ् चनि गच् छति
॥ ३६ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
sukhamhappiness
tubut
idānīmnow
tri-vidhamof three kinds
śhṛiṇuhear
mefrom me
bharata-ṛiṣhabhaArjun, the best of the Bharatas
abhyāsātby practice
ramaterejoices
yatrain which
duḥkha-antamend of all suffering
chaand
nigachchhatireaches yat—which
tatthat
agreat first
viṣham ivalike poison
pariṇāmein the end
amṛita-upamamlike nectar
tatthat
sukhamhappiness
sāttvikamin the mode of goodness
proktamis said to be
ātma-buddhisituated in self-knowledge
prasāda-jamgenerated by the pure intellect

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
18.29–18.40Intellect, firmness and happiness, each threefold.

K completes the great analysis by running buddhi (intellect/judgment), dhṛti (firmness/resolve) and sukha (happiness) through the three strands. Intellect (18.30–32): sattvic buddhi knows rightly what to do and not do, what to fear and not fear, bondage and liberation; rajasic buddhi confuses right and wrong, dharma and adharma; tamasic buddhi, wrapped in darkness, takes adharma to be dharma and sees everything upside-down. Firmness (18.33–35): sattvic dhṛti is the unwavering steadiness that holds mind, breath and senses in Yoga; rajasic dhṛti clings, with attachment, to duty, pleasure and wealth, craving their fruit; tamasic dhṛti is the stubbornness that will not let go of sleep, fear, grief, despair and conceit. Happiness (18.36–39): sattvic sukha is “like poison at first and nectar in the end”, born of the serenity of Self-knowledge — hard at the outset, blissful at maturity; rajasic sukha is “nectar at first, poison in the end”, born of the contact of sense and object; tamasic sukha, deluding from beginning to end, springs from sleep, sloth and heedlessness. This last triad is a jewel of practical wisdom: the worthwhile joys cost effort up front and reward later (the discipline of 6.16); the cheap joys reward instantly and cost dearly after; the worthless ones are pleasant only to a dulled mind. By this test alone one can sort one’s own pleasures.