“Learn from Me the five causes for the accomplishment of all action, declared in the Sāṅkhya doctrine (18.13–14): the seat (the body, adhiṣṭhāna), the doer (kartā), the various instruments (karaṇa), the manifold efforts (ceṣṭā), and, fifth, the divine (daivam — providence, the sum of past conditioning).” Their significance is profound: no action is the achievement of the ego alone. Five factors converge in every deed, of which the “doer” is but one — and even that “doer” is Prakṛti’s instrument (13.20). Therefore (18.16): “he who, of untrained understanding, sees the pure Self alone as the doer, sees not truly.” To claim sole authorship of one’s acts is a factual error, not merely a spiritual fault. This is the doer-delusion of 3.27 given its final, analytic refutation: the ego is one contributing cause among five, not the lone author it imagines itself to be.