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Adhyāyas / Karma Yogaḥ / verse 35

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात्। स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेयः परधर्मो भयावहः
śhreyān swa-dharmo viguṇaḥ para-dharmāt sv-anuṣhṭhitāt swa-dharme nidhanaṁ śhreyaḥ para-dharmo bhayāvahaḥ
Anuṣṭubh(!!) irregular in source

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

One's own duty, though defective, is superior to another's duty well-performed. Death is better while engaged in one's own duty; another's duty is full of fear.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

सम्यक् प्रकार से अनुष्ठित परधर्म की अपेक्षा गुणरहित स्वधर्म का पालन श्रेयष्कर है; स्वधर्म में मरण कल्याणकारक है (किन्तु) परधर्म भय को देने वाला है।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
श्रेयान् स्वधर्मो विगुणः(!!)
पर धर्मात् स्वनुष् ठितात्
स्व धर्मे निधनं श्रेयः
पर धर्मो भया वहः
॥ ३५ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
śhreyānbetter
swa-dharmaḥpersonal duty
viguṇaḥtinged with faults
para-dharmātthan another’s prescribed duties
su-anuṣhṭhitātperfectly done
swa-dharmein one’s personal duties
nidhanamdeath
śhreyaḥbetter
para-dharmaḥduties prescribed for others
bhaya-āvahaḥfraught with fear

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
3.35Svadharma and Paradharma.

In its coarsest sense, dharma can be crushed to fit the definition of “religion” — though that is unnatural and insensitive. Even in this coarse sense the verse opposes forced conversion: better to die within one's own path than to be driven into another's. This is controversial ground. Many — soldiers, kings, women, sages, ordinary citizens — have clung to this verse of reassurance under horrific pressure to convert, and drawn solace from it in terrible times. Yet terrorists and suicide-bombers may also misuse the saying to justify a wrong stance. The sequence of the verses must be noted. First one is to see everything rightly, without prejudice; then one identifies one's svabhāva; then one follows a path — any genuine religion or sādhanā — and this is one's Svadharma; anything against one's inner structure is Paradharma. Even a faltering practice within one's own Svadharma is better than an excellent practice that cuts against one's nature, for the latter breeds resistance and grief. Finally, one should mind one's own sādhanā; there is no point in converting others. But if my very life hangs on the edge under the pretext of Svadharma or Paradharma, I must reassure myself that I have been, and remain, in my own Svadharma — even under unimaginable cruelty or death. Easier said than done. Yet many heroic figures of India's unbiased history have become exemplars of just this view.