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Adhyāyas / Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña-Vibhāga Yogaḥ / verse 22

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
उपद्रष्टाऽनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः। परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः
upadraṣhṭānumantā cha bhartā bhoktā maheśhvaraḥ paramātmeti chāpy ukto dehe ’smin puruṣhaḥ paraḥ
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

He who is the Witness, the Permitter, the Sustainer, the Experiencer, the great Lord, and who is also spoken of as the transcendental Self, is the supreme Person in this body.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

परम पुरुष ही इस देह में उपद्रष्टा, अनुमन्ता ,भर्ता, भोक्ता, महेश्वर और परमात्मा कहा जाता है।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
उपद् रष्टा नु मन्ता च
भर्ता भोक्ता महेश् वरः
पर मात् मेति चाप् युक्तः
देहेऽस्मिन् पुरुष# परः
॥ २२ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
upadraṣhṭāthe witness
anumantāthe permitter
chaand
bhartāthe supporter
bhoktāthe transcendental enjoyer
mahā-īśhvaraḥthe ultimate controller
parama-ātmāSuperme Soul
itithat
cha apiand also
uktaḥis said
dehewithin the body
asminthis
puruṣhaḥ paraḥthe Supreme Lord

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
13.22This Puruṣa is Paramātman? How is that possible?

“The Puruṣa in this body is called the witness (upadraṣṭā), the permitter (anumantā), the supporter, the experiencer, the great Lord, and also the Supreme Self (paramātmā).” The astonishing claim is that the individual witness in this body, correctly understood, is not different from the Supreme. How? Because the “individuality” was only the mistaken attachment of 13.20; strip that away, and the witness in me and the witness in all — and the one witness Brahman — are found to be the same light (recall 13.2, “know Me as the knower in all fields”). The Puruṣa is paramātman not by promotion but by the removal of a misidentification. What seemed a private self was always the universal Self, wearing a costume.