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Adhyāyas / Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña-Vibhāga Yogaḥ / verse 20

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
कार्यकारणकर्तृत्वे हेतुः प्रकृतिरुच्यते। पुरुषः सुखदुःखानां भोक्तृत्वे हेतुरुच्यते
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛitve hetuḥ prakṛitir uchyate puruṣhaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṁ bhoktṛitve hetur uchyate
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

With regard to the source of the body and its organs, Nature is said to be the cause; the soul is the cause so far as the enjoyment of happiness and sorrow is concerned.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

कार्य और कारण के उत्पन्न करने में हेतु प्रकृति कही जाती है और पुरुष सुख-दु:ख के भोक्तृत्व में हेतु कहा जाता है।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
कार्य कर णकर्तृत् वे
हेतु# प्रकृति रुच्यते।
पुरुषस् सुख दुःखानाम्
भोक् तृत्वे हेतु रुच्यते
॥ २० ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
kāryaeffect
kāraṇacause
kartṛitvein the matter of creation
hetuḥthe medium
prakṛitiḥthe material energy
uchyateis said to be
puruṣhaḥthe individual soul
sukha-duḥkhānāmof happiness and distress
bhoktṛitvein experiencing
hetuḥis responsible
uchyateis said to be

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā
Sāṅkhya

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
13.20The dance of Puruṣa and Prakṛti.

“For the Puruṣa, seated in Prakṛti, experiences the guṇas born of Prakṛti; and attachment to the guṇas is the cause of its birth in good and evil wombs (sad-asad-yoni-janmasu).” Here is the mechanism of bondage in one line. The Spirit, in itself free, “sits in” Nature as a spectator who has forgotten he is only watching — and, identifying with the play of the guṇas, is dragged by his attachments from birth to birth. The “dance” is this fatal intimacy: Prakṛti dances, Puruṣa watches, but so absorbed that he takes the dance for himself. Liberation is simply the Spirit remembering that he is the witness, not the dancer (13.23: “the Puruṣa, thus knowing Prakṛti and the guṇas, is not born again, howsoever he lives”).