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Adhyāyas / Viśvarūpa-Darśana Yogaḥ / verse 48

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
न वेदयज्ञाध्ययनैर्न दानै र्न च क्रियाभिर्न तपोभिरुग्रैः। एवंरूपः शक्य अहं नृलोके द्रष्टुं त्वदन्येन कुरुप्रवीर
na veda-yajñādhyayanair na dānair na cha kriyābhir na tapobhir ugraiḥ evaṁ-rūpaḥ śhakya ahaṁ nṛi-loke draṣhṭuṁ tvad anyena kuru-pravīra
Triṣṭubh (u u s I)(!!) irregular in source

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

Not by the study of the Vedas and sacrifices, not by gifts, not even by rituals, nor by severe austerities, can I, in this form, be perceived in the human world by anyone other than you, O most valiant among the Kurus, who has not received My grace.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

हे कुरुप्रवीर! तुम्हारे अतिरिक्त इस मनुष्य लोक में किसी अन्य के द्वारा मैं इस रूप में, न वेदाध्ययन और न यज्ञ, न दान और न (धार्मिक) क्रियायों के द्वारा और न उग्र तपों के द्वारा ही देखा जा सकता हूँ।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
न वेद यज्ञाध् ययनैर् न दानैः
न चक्रिया भिर् न तपोऽ भिरुग् रैः
एवं रूपश् शक्य अहन् नृलोके (!!)
द्रष्टुन् त्व दन्येन कुरुप् रवीर
॥ ४८ ॥
Pāda meters: Upendravajrā, Upendravajrā, Śālinī, Indravajrā — I = Indravajrā, u = Upendravajrā, s = Śālinī pāda
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
nanot
veda-yajñaby performance of sacrifice
adhyayanaiḥby study of the Vedas
nanor
dānaiḥby charity
nanor
chaand
kriyābhiḥby rituals
nanot
tapobhiḥby austerities
ugraiḥsevere
evam-rūpaḥin this form
śhakyaḥpossible
ahamI
nṛi-lokein the world of the mortals
draṣhṭumto be seen
tvatthan you
anyenaby another
kuru-pravīrathe best of the Kuru warriors

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
11.48“Śakya” and “Aham”; the broken metre.

A grammatical note on the construction na … śakyo’ham … draṣṭum — “I am not able-to-be-seen” — where the passive potential (śakya) is predicated of “I” (aham), an idiom that sits awkwardly with the strict metre and has been remarked by commentators. Such roughnesses, here as elsewhere (recall 6.39, 11.54), are best read as the metre yielding to the weight of the meaning rather than as errors to be corrected.

11.48“By none but you.”

“Not by the Vedas, not by sacrifice, not by study, not by gifts, not by rites, not by fierce austerities can I be seen in this form in the world of men, by any but you.” The point is decisive: the cosmic vision is not purchasable by any quantity of ritual merit (recall 8.28). No stacking of good works opens this eye. Only grace, met by undivided devotion (11.54), does. This dismantles once and for all the notion that the Highest can be earned by transaction.