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Adhyāyas / Arjuna Viṣāda Yogaḥ / verse 40

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः। धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत
kula-kṣhaye praṇaśhyanti kula-dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ dharme naṣhṭe kulaṁ kṛitsnam adharmo ’bhibhavaty uta
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

From the ruin of the family, the traditional rites and duties are totally destroyed. When rites and duties are destroyed, vice overwhelms the entire family.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

कुल के नष्ट होने से सनातन धर्म नष्ट हो जाते हैं। धर्म नष्ट होने पर सम्पूर्ण कुल को अधर्म (पाप) दबा लेता है।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
कुलक्ष ये प्रणश् यन्ति
कुल धर्मास् सना तनाः
धर्मे नष्टे कुलङ् कृत् स्नम्
अधर्मोऽ भि भवत्यु त
॥ ४० ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
kula-kṣhayein the destruction of a dynasty
praṇaśhyantiare vanquished
kula-dharmāḥfamily traditions
sanātanāḥeternal
dharmereligion
naṣhṭeis destroyed
kulamfamily
kṛitsnamthe whole
adharmaḥirreligion
abhibhavatiovercome
utaindeed

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
1.38–1.44How do the varṇa-saṅkara and the ensuing disasters resonate with today?

The world of the Mahābhārata favoured a homogeneous flow — genetic, psychological and occupational — within communities. Inter-varṇa unions and the offspring born of them were, in that setting, seen as ruinous and against the established order. So Arjuna fears that future generations will be steeped in sin through such transgressions. He lays out the sequence like a chain of certain destruction: unrest in a clan degrades the clan's conduct, which leads to injustice; with injustice unchecked, the women are corrupted and drawn into disordered unions; children born of such unions are doomed; the whole clan slides towards hellish realms; the forefathers fall from their state for want of the post-death offerings; the codes of caste and the eternal law of conduct erode; and at last the whole population sinks. Whatever we make of its sociology, the underlying anxiety — that the breakdown of the family breaks the culture, and the breakdown of the culture breaks the person — is not foreign to any age.