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Adhyāyas / Arjuna Viṣāda Yogaḥ / verse 39

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम्। कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन
kathaṁ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum kula-kṣhaya-kṛitaṁ doṣhaṁ prapaśhyadbhir janārdana
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

O Janardana, although these people, whose hearts have become perverted by greed, do not see the evil arising from destroying the family and sinning in hostility towards friends, yet how can we, who clearly see the evil arising from destroying the family, remain unaware of the need to abstain from this sin?

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

परन्तु, हेे जनार्दन ! कुलक्षय से होने वाले दोष को जानने वाले हम लोगों को इस पाप से विरत होने के लिए क्यों नहीं सोचना चाहिये।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
कथन् नज्ञे यमस् माभिः
पापा दस्मान् नि वर्तितुम्
कुलक्ष यकृतन् दोषम्
प्रपश्यद् भिर् जनार् दन
॥ ३९ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
kathamwhy
nanot
jñeyamshould be known
asmābhiḥwe
pāpātfrom sin
asmātthese
nivartitumto turn away
kula-kṣhayakilling the kindered
kṛitamdone
doṣhamcrime
prapaśhyadbhiḥwho can see
janārdanahe who looks after the public, Shree Krishna

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
1.38–1.44How do the varṇa-saṅkara and the ensuing disasters resonate with today?

The world of the Mahābhārata favoured a homogeneous flow — genetic, psychological and occupational — within communities. Inter-varṇa unions and the offspring born of them were, in that setting, seen as ruinous and against the established order. So Arjuna fears that future generations will be steeped in sin through such transgressions. He lays out the sequence like a chain of certain destruction: unrest in a clan degrades the clan's conduct, which leads to injustice; with injustice unchecked, the women are corrupted and drawn into disordered unions; children born of such unions are doomed; the whole clan slides towards hellish realms; the forefathers fall from their state for want of the post-death offerings; the codes of caste and the eternal law of conduct erode; and at last the whole population sinks. Whatever we make of its sociology, the underlying anxiety — that the breakdown of the family breaks the culture, and the breakdown of the culture breaks the person — is not foreign to any age.