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Adhyāyas / Karma Yogaḥ / verse 4

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
न कर्मणामनारम्भान्नैष्कर्म्यं पुरुषोऽश्नुते। न च संन्यसनादेव सिद्धिं समधिगच्छति
na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣhkarmyaṁ puruṣho ’śhnute na cha sannyasanād eva siddhiṁ samadhigachchhati
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

A person does not attain freedom from action by abstaining from action; nor does he attain fulfillment merely through renunciation.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

कर्मों के न करने से मनुष्य नैर्ष्कम्य को प्राप्त नहीं होता और न कर्मों के संन्यास से ही वह सिद्धि (पूर्णत्व) प्राप्त करता है।।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
न कर्म णाम नारम् भात्
नैष् कर्म्यम् पुरुषोऽश् नुते
न च सन् न्यसना देव
सिद् धिं समधि गच्छति
॥ ४ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
nanot
karmaṇāmof actions
anārambhātby abstaining from
naiṣhkarmyamfreedom from karmic reactions
puruṣhaḥa person
aśhnuteattains
nanot
chaand
sannyasanātby renunciation
evaonly
siddhimperfection
samadhigachchhatiattains

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
3.4Renunciation and inertia.

“If you think you can reach that blessed state of Inaction (naiṣkarmya) merely by doing nothing — by stupor and inertia — and that by dropping all responsibility you can reach Perfection (siddhi), you have wholly misunderstood me.” For not a moment passes without action; everything is driven by the guṇas. Merely donning ochre robes and fleeing to a cave will not win that Perfect Inaction. There is a deeper sense of “action” and “inaction” at work here. Giving up the craving for fruit, dissociating from the bondage of needless involvement, doing only what is ordained and what survival requires, with the senses mastered by a right mind — the one who acts thus, unattached, is the venerable Karma-Yogin.