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Adhyāyas / Arjuna Viṣāda Yogaḥ / verse 44

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन। नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम
utsanna-kula-dharmāṇāṁ manuṣhyāṇāṁ janārdana narake ‘niyataṁ vāso bhavatītyanuśhuśhruma
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

O Janardana, we have heard that living in hell is inevitable for those whose family duties are destroyed.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

हे जनार्दन ! हमने सुना है कि जिनके यहां कुल धर्म नष्ट हो जाता है, उन मनुष्यों का अनियत काल तक नरक में वास होता है।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
उत्सन् नकुल धर्मा णाम्
मनुष्या णाञ् जनार् दन
नरकेऽ नियतँव् वासः
भवतीत् यनु शुश्रुम
॥ ४४ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
utsannadestroyed
kula-dharmāṇāmwhose family traditions
manuṣhyāṇāmof such human beings
janārdanahe who looks after the public, Shree Krishna
narakein hell
aniyatamindefinite
vāsaḥdwell
bhavatiis
itithus
anuśhuśhrumaI have heard from the learned

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
1.38–1.44How do the varṇa-saṅkara and the ensuing disasters resonate with today?

The world of the Mahābhārata favoured a homogeneous flow — genetic, psychological and occupational — within communities. Inter-varṇa unions and the offspring born of them were, in that setting, seen as ruinous and against the established order. So Arjuna fears that future generations will be steeped in sin through such transgressions. He lays out the sequence like a chain of certain destruction: unrest in a clan degrades the clan's conduct, which leads to injustice; with injustice unchecked, the women are corrupted and drawn into disordered unions; children born of such unions are doomed; the whole clan slides towards hellish realms; the forefathers fall from their state for want of the post-death offerings; the codes of caste and the eternal law of conduct erode; and at last the whole population sinks. Whatever we make of its sociology, the underlying anxiety — that the breakdown of the family breaks the culture, and the breakdown of the culture breaks the person — is not foreign to any age.