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Adhyāyas / Arjuna Viṣāda Yogaḥ / verse 42

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च। पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः
saṅkaro narakāyaiva kula-ghnānāṁ kulasya cha patanti pitaro hy eṣhāṁ lupta-piṇḍodaka-kriyāḥ
Anuṣṭubh

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

And the intermingling in the family leads the ruiners of the family verily into hell. The forefathers of these fall down (into hell) due to being deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and water.

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

वह वर्णसंकर कुलघातियों को और कुल को नरक में ले जाने का कारण बनता है। पिण्ड और जलदान की क्रिया से वंचित इनके पितर भी नरक में गिर जाते हैं।

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
सङ्करो नरका यैव
कुलघ् नानाङ् कुलस्य च
पतन्ति पितरोह् येषाम्
लुप्त पिण्डोद कक् रियाः
॥ ४२ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
saṅkaraḥunwanted children
narakāyahellish
evaindeed
kula-ghnānāmfor those who destroy the family
kulasyaof the family
chaalso
patantifall
pitaraḥancestors
hiverily
eṣhāmtheir
luptadeprived of
piṇḍodaka-kriyāḥperformances of sacrificial offerings

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
1.38–1.44How do the varṇa-saṅkara and the ensuing disasters resonate with today?

The world of the Mahābhārata favoured a homogeneous flow — genetic, psychological and occupational — within communities. Inter-varṇa unions and the offspring born of them were, in that setting, seen as ruinous and against the established order. So Arjuna fears that future generations will be steeped in sin through such transgressions. He lays out the sequence like a chain of certain destruction: unrest in a clan degrades the clan's conduct, which leads to injustice; with injustice unchecked, the women are corrupted and drawn into disordered unions; children born of such unions are doomed; the whole clan slides towards hellish realms; the forefathers fall from their state for want of the post-death offerings; the codes of caste and the eternal law of conduct erode; and at last the whole population sinks. Whatever we make of its sociology, the underlying anxiety — that the breakdown of the family breaks the culture, and the breakdown of the culture breaks the person — is not foreign to any age.