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Adhyāyas / Akṣara-Brahma Yogaḥ / verse 2

Mūla — the verse

Gita Press numbering
अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन। प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ ko ’tra dehe ’smin madhusūdana prayāṇa-kāle cha kathaṁ jñeyo ’si niyatātmabhiḥ
Anuṣṭubh(!!) irregular in source

Translation

Swami Gambhīrānanda · follows Śaṅkara-bhāṣya

O Madhusudana, how is the entity existing in the sacrifice here in this body, and who is it? And how are You to be known by people of concentrated minds at the time of death?

हिन्दी अनुवाद — Swami Tejomayānanda

और हे मधुसूदन ! यहाँ अधियज्ञ कौन है? और वह इस शरीर में कैसे है? और संयत चित्त वाले पुरुषों द्वारा अन्त समय में आप किस प्रकार जाने जाते हैं,

Pronunciation — Vaamshii

from Vaamshii
अधि यज्ञ% कथङ् कोऽ त्र
देहेऽ स्मिन् मधु सूदन
प्रया णकाले च कथम् (!!)
ज्ञेयोऽ सि नियतात् मभिः
॥ २ ॥
Read each split group as one breath-unit; hyphens join pādas kept whole for the meter or a compound word. Symbols: # upadhmānīya (visarga before p/ph), % jihvāmūlīya (visarga before k/kh), ऽ avagraha (an elided a). Full method →

Word by word

padārtha
adhiyajñaḥthe Lord all sacrificial performances
kathamhow
kaḥwho
atrahere
dehein body
asminthis
madhusūdanaShree Krishna, the killer of the demon named Madhu
prayāṇa-kāleat the time of death
chaand
kathamhow
jñeyaḥto be known
asiare (you)
niyata-ātmabhiḥby those of steadfast mind

Themes

from The Thematic Companion to the Bhagavad Gītā

Meaning — Questions & Solutions

from Q&A with KnA
8.2Defining the new terms.

Kṛṣṇa gives compact definitions. Brahman is the supreme Imperishable. Adhyātma is one's own essential nature, the Self as it stands in the individual. Karma is the creative offering — the force that sends beings forth into becoming. Adhibhūta is the perishable order — all that comes to be and passes. Adhidaiva is the divine order, the presiding Puruṣa behind the cosmic powers. And adhiyajña — “the Lord of sacrifice” — is Kṛṣṇa himself, here in the body. The six terms are simply the one Reality named from six angles: as absolute, as indwelling self, as creative act, as perishable world, as divine presence, and as the goal of all offering.